ĐĎॹá>ţ˙ ‘ţ˙˙˙Ž˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙ěĽÁ5@ đżž^bjbjĎ2Ď2 "„­X­XžV˙˙˙˙˙˙ˆ¸¸¸¸¸¸¸ĚĐ2Đ2Đ2Đ2 Ü2„Ěţośl3l3l3l3l3l3l3l3}ooooooo$´pRsˆŁo¸ć6l3l3ć6ć6Ło¸¸l3l3¸oĚ<Ě<Ě<ć6^¸l3¸l3}oĚ<ć6}oĚ< Ě<ě<N]j¨¸¸Yol3`3 đ™xШĂĐ2D7Ňl0}oÎo0ţo5l$Žs<ŹŽs`YoĚ̸¸¸¸Žs¸Yo$l3ćR4¤Ě<ö4„z5ll3l3l3ŁoŁoĚĚ1Đ2Â< ĚĚĐ2Biology Teacher’s Survey Assessment of Oregon Biology Teachers’ Understanding of the Nature of Science, Understanding of the Theory of Evolution, Professed Religious Convictions, and Their Presentation of the Theory of Evolution in Their Classrooms. Strongly Strongly Question Disagree Disagree Undecided Agree Agree 1. Evolution is a scientifically valid theory. 1 2 3 4 5 2. Organisms existing today are the result of evolutionary processes that have occurred over millions of years. 1 2 3 4 5 3. The theory of evolution is based on speculation and not valid scientific observation and testing. 1 2 3 4 5 4. Modern humans are the product of evolutionary processes which have occurred over millions of years. 1 2 3 4 5 5. There is a considerable body of data which supports evolutionary theory. 1 2 3 4 5 6. Most scientists accept evolutionary theory to be a scientifically valid theory. 1 2 3 4 5 7. The theory of evolution is incapable of being scientifically tested. 1 2 3 4 5 8. The theory of evolution can not be correct since it disagrees with the Biblical account of creation. 1 2 3 4 5 9. With few exceptions organisms on Earth came into existence at about the same time. 1 2 3 4 5 10. The age of the Earth is less than 20000 years. 1 2 3 4 5 11. The theory of evolution brings meaning to the diverse characteristics and behaviors observed in living things. 1 2 3 4 5 12. Evolutionary theory generates testable predictions with respect to the characteristics of life. 1 2 3 4 5 13. Organisms exist today in essentially the same form in which they always have. 1 2 3 4 5 14. Evolution is not a scientifically valid theory. 1 2 3 4 5 15. Much of the scientific community doubts if evolution has occurred. 1 2 3 4 5 16. Current evolutionary theory is the result of sound scientific research and methodology. 1 2 3 4 5 17. Evolutionary theory is supported by factual, historical, and laboratory data. 1 2 3 4 5 18. Humans exist toady in the same form in which they always have. 1 2 3 4 5 19. The age of the Earth is approximately 4-5 billion years. 1 2 3 4 5 20. The available evidence is ambiguous as to whether evolution actually occurs. 1 2 3 4 5 21. The evolutionary theory proposed by Charles Darwin was: Change in populations through time as a result of mutations. The spontaneous generation of new organisms. The passing on of genes from one generation to the next. Changes in populations through time as a response to environmental change. The development of characteristics by organisms in response to need. 22. The wing of a bat and the fore-limb of the dog are said to be homologous structures. This indicates that: They have the same function. Bats evolved from a lineage of dogs. They are structures, which are similar due to common ancestry. The limb bones of each are anatomically identical. They have different ancestors but a common function. 23. Using radioactive dating techniques, the first life seems to have appeared on the Earth about: 10 thousand years ago 270 million years ago 3.3 billion years ago 4.5 million years ago 10 billion years ago 24. Which of the following phrases best describes the process of evolution? The development of man from monkey-like ancestors. The change of simple to complex organisms. The development of characteristics in response to need. Change of populations through time. The change of populations solely in response to natural selection. 25. Marine mammals have many structural characteristics in common with fishes. The explanation that evolutionary theory would give for this similarity is: Fish and mammals are closely related. Fish evolved structures already existing in mammals. Marine mammals evolved directly from the fishes. Marine mammals never developed the use of limbs. Marine mammals adapted to an environment similar to that of the fishes. 26. An alteration in the arrangement of nucleotides in a chromosome, possibly resulting in either a structural or physiological change in the organism, is called: Genetic drift Gene flow A mutation Natural selection A recessive gene 27. It is thought that there was a rapid evolutionary rate once animal life invaded land from the oceans. The explanation given for this rapid evolution is: There were many potential habitats for the new forms to fill. The land was perfect haven for life. There were many climactic changes occurring at that time. Radiation from the sun caused many mutations. The ocean was too stable and limited to allow for evolution to occur. 28. The first animals to settle on land probably had which one of the following characteristics? They were quite mobile to escape from predators. They were partially dependent on water for survival. They were capable of completely adapting to the terrestrial environment in their lifespan. They had wings for flight from one habitat to another. They were quite adept at feeding on specific terrestrial plants. 29. Two islands are found in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, isolated from any other land mass. These two islands were at one time connected by a land bridge and are of recent origin. They have identical plant and animal life and are separated by 50 miles of ocean. Assuming different selection pressures, which of these island populations would be most likely to be reproductively isolated, possibly allowing for species divergence? Dandelions with airborne seeds Coconuts with floating seeds Birds Butterflies Mice 30. The population of Florida panthers has been drastically reduced by the actions of man. Which of the following most likely threatens their ability to continue to evolve in response to the pressures of their environment? There is no longer the prospect of over-reproduction. There is no longer the prospect for the struggle for limited resources. There is a lack of genetic variation for selection to act upon. There is no longer the prospect of a trait conferring a reproductive advantage. There is no longer the prospect of genetic drift t occurring. 31. A sudden major climactic change would most likely initially result in: A rapid increase in adaptive radiation. A rapid increase in extinction rates. A sharp increase in the number of species. An increase in mutation rates. Plants and animals developing new characteristics in order to cope with environmental changes. 32. The most compelling evidence for large-scale evolutionary change or macroevolution is: Kettlewell’s release-recapture experiment with peppered moths.’ The fossil record. The occurrence of mass extinction. Domestication of plants and animals. The observed increase in mutation rates across all species. 33. When first proposed, Darwin’s theory of natural selection did not fully explain how evolution could occur. This was due to: Darwin’s failure to recognize the tendency of organisms to over-reproduce. Darwin’s initial overemphasis of the significance of genetic drift. The fact that accurate mechanisms explaining genetic inheritance were not widely known. The absence of accurate descriptions of the embryological development of most plants and animals. The absence of biochemical techniques to determine the genetic similarities between species. 34. The presence of tropical rain forest fossils forms in Canada can best be explained by: A shifting of environmental requirements by these types of species. A major climatic shift on the Earth. A drifting of continents in a northward direction. An uplifting of lowland areas. A long tern constance of climate. 35. Individual within a species tend to be genetically different. The primary mechanism generating this individual variability is: Meiosis Mitosis Polyploidy Duplications Asexual reproduction 36. The extinct species Archaeopteryx had characteristics of both birds and reptiles. This is an example of a(n): Convergent species Trace fossil Archetype Intermediate form Polymorphic species 37. The earliest fossils found in the geologic record are; fungi bacteria small photosynthesizing plants seed plants protozoa 38. Radiometric dating techniques rely on the fact that: The bony portions of organism decompose at a known rate. Organisms, which lived earlier in time, will tend to be found in sediments below organisms, which lived more recently. The magnetic field of the earth has reversed its polarity at known time intervals in geologic time. The earth contains elements, which change into other elements at a constant known rate. During the decomposition process organic matter is converted into radioactive elements at a known rate. 39. Which of the following best represents Lamarck’s ideas on the evolutionary process? Survival of the fittest. Inheritance of acquired characteristics. Neutral drift. Punctuated equilibrium. Assortive mating. 40. Which of the following is not a part of Darwin’s theory of natural selection? Individual of a population vary. Organisms tend to over-reproduce themselves. There are limited resources for which individuals compete. Modifications an organism acquires during its lifetime can be passed to its offspring. Variations possessed by individual of a population are heritable. 41. The life histories of five birds of the same species are listed below. The most evolutionally successful bird is the one that: Lives 5 years, lays 12 eggs in a lifetime, 4 hatch. Lives 2 years, lays 8 eggs in a lifetime, 5 hatch. Lives 6 years, lays 2 eggs in a lifetime, 2 hatch. Lives 4 years, lays 7 eggs in a lifetime, 6 hatch. Lives 5 years, lays 4 eggs in a lifetime, 3 hatch. Strongly Strongly Question Disagree Disagree Undecided Agree Agree 42. The goal of science is the improvement of man’s quality of life. 1 2 3 4 5 43. Scientists must limit their investigations to the natural world. 1 2 3 4 5 44. The scientist is limited to the investigation of phenomena which are directly observable by the senses. 1 2 3 4 5 45. A theory has been corroborated by many scientific facts. 1 2 3 4 5 46. Scientists must be accepting of all findings of their fellow researchers. 1 2 3 4 5 47. If an experiment yields results which are contradictory to one’s hypothesis, one should find other ways to corroborate the hypothesis. 1 2 3 4 5 48. The theory of evolution must deny the existence of a creator-God. 1 2 3 4 5 49. A hypothesis is a guess based upon a premonition. 1 2 3 4 5 50. Scientific experiments must be repeatedly performed to be considered valid. 1 2 3 4 5 51. Any scientific finding that contradicts religious doctrine should be discarded. 1 2 3 4 5 52. A hypothesis must be capable of being tested in order for it to be in the realm of science. 1 2 3 4 5 53. To make any scientific determinations about historic occurrences in nature, there must be direct human observation. 1 2 3 4 5 54. As a result of scientific methods, definite conclusions can be made to the absolute and ultimate cause behind an event. 1 2 3 4 5 55. Science can never reach absolute truth about a particular phenomenon in nature. 1 2 3 4 5 Strongly Strongly Question Disagree Disagree Undecided Agree Agree 56. Science is well-prepared to investigate the validity of miracles. 1 2 3 4 5 57. A hypothesis which has been validated by an experiment is elevated to the level of theory. 1 2 3 4 5 58. A fact in science is a truth which can never be changed. 1 2 3 4 5 59. The Bible may be an important book of moral teachings, but it was in no way more inspired by God than were many other such books in the history of man. 1 2 3 4 5 60. The concept of God is an old superstition that is no longer needed to explain things in the modern era. 1 2 3 4 5 61. Most of the religions in the world have miracle stories in their tradition but there is no reason to believe any of them true, including those found in the Bible. 1 2 3 4 5 62. Jesus Christ may have been a great ethical teacher as many other men have been in history, but he was not the divine Son of God. 1 2 3 4 5 63. God made man of dust in His own image and breathed life into him. 1 2 3 4 5 64. In all likelihood there is no such thing as a God that given immortal soul in Man which lives on after death. 1 2 3 4 5 65. Jesus miraculously changed real water into wine. 1 2 3 4 5 66. There is a God who is concerned with everyone’s actions. 1 2 3 4 5 67. God exists as Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. 1 2 3 4 5 68. Man is not a special creature made in the image of God, he is simply a recent development in the process of animal evolution. 1 2 3 4 5 69. Jesus Christ was the divine Son of God. 1 2 3 4 5 70. I believe that the Bible is the inerrant word of God. 1 2 3 4 5 71. The story of Genesis, and other passages in the Bible accurately describe the processes by which all life appeared on earth as well as the literal time periods in which life appeared on earth. 1 2 3 4 5 72. The Bible is a moral document and is not a primer on the natural history of the Earth. 1 2 3 4 5 73. God did create all life, however the stories of Genesis and other passages in the Bible are allegorical in nature and were never intended for literal interpretation as to how or when life appeared on earth. 1 2 3 4 5 74. The Bible is the word of God, it was not created by men, it contains real moral lessons as well as instruction as to the natural history of the earth. 1 2 3 4 5 The remaining questions deal with your presentation of subjects in your biology classroom as well as your educational training and personal religious affiliations. 75. I provide equal time for teaching evolution as well as creationism in my biology class room. 1 2 3 4 5 76. There is no conflict between my religious views and evolution. 1 2 3 4 5 77. Creationism is not a valid topic in biology and I do not address it as part of my biology curriculum. 1 2 3 4 5 78. Teaching evolution plays a major role in my presentation of the biology curriculum. 1 2 3 4 5 79. My religious views are in conflict with the theory of evolution. 1 2 3 4 5 80. A person can easily hold strong religious beliefs and accept the validity of the theory of evolution. 1 2 3 4 5 81. Evolution plays a minor role in my presentation of the biology curriculum. 1 2 3 4 5 82. My presentation of the theory of evolution is most strongly affected by the “politics” and the potential for conflict associated with the teaching of the topic rather than personal beliefs either for or against the theory of evolution. 1 2 3 4 5 83. The major factor affecting my presentation of the theory of evolution in my class room is my personal beliefs rather than some outside influence such as political pressure to not “rock the boat”. 1 2 3 4 5 84. Teaching biology represents the major portion of my teaching assignment. 1 2 3 4 5 85. Of the courses I took in college most of the course work that I took in science were related to the biological sciences rather than other science fields. 1 2 3 4 5 86. Besides education my primary area of study in college was science. 1 2 3 4 5 87. A person cannot honestly hold strong religious beliefs and accept the theory of evolution as they are contradictory in nature. 1 2 3 4 5 88. Please specify the number of years that you have been teaching. 89. Specify your primary religious affiliation, be as specific as possible; i.e. Mormon, Southern Baptist, Atheist, etc. 90. 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